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How Do You Serve Someone When You Don’t Know Where They Live?

Process server in a navy suit holding a stack of legal documents at the front door of a home

You usually have to find a current address before papers can be served. A skip trace locates the person, and a process server then delivers the documents. If the person truly can’t be found, some courts allow another method, such as service by publication, but only after you show you searched hard. Rules vary by state and court.

LAST UPDATED OCTOBER 2026

By Ross Headley  |  Published October 18, 2026  |  ← All articles

Why does the address matter so much?

Serving papers means putting them in the hands of the right person, or delivering them in a way the court accepts. A server needs somewhere to go. If the address is old, wrong or missing, the papers go nowhere and your case sits still.

It also matters that the address is current. Serving a house the person left a year ago doesn’t count as notice, and a judge can throw out service that was done in the wrong place.

What should you do first?

Start by gathering everything you already know. Even small details can speed up a search. Write down:

  • The last address you have, and when you last knew it was good
  • Phone numbers and email addresses, old and new
  • Where the person works or used to work
  • Names of relatives, roommates or business partners
  • Vehicles, social media profiles and any other clues

Hand that list to a skip tracer. The more you give, the faster the search goes.

What is a skip trace and how does it help?

A skip trace is a search that finds a person’s current address and contact details. We use public records, databases and follow up checks to build a picture of where someone lives and works now.

The goal is a usable address for service. Once we have one, the same team can deliver the papers and send back proof of service.

What if the person can’t be found?

Sometimes the search comes up empty. In that case, many courts allow a different method, such as service by publication, where notice runs in a newspaper. Courts usually want proof that you made a real effort to find the person first, often called a diligent search.

That’s why a documented search matters. Keep a record of every step you take. We can’t give legal advice or tell you which method your court will accept, so ask the court clerk or an attorney before you switch methods.

Who is allowed to deliver the papers?

It depends on where your case is filed. In many places, service has to come from a sheriff, a constable or a registered process server, and a party to the case can’t serve their own papers. Check your court’s rules, or ask the clerk, before you hand papers to anyone.

What mistakes slow a case down?

  • Serving an old address because it was the only one you had
  • Waiting until the deadline is close to start looking
  • Having a friend or family member serve the papers
  • Skipping the written record of your search

Quick answers

Can I serve papers if I only have an email address?

Usually not on its own. Most courts want physical delivery or a method the judge has approved. Email service often needs a court order first, so ask the clerk or an attorney.

How long does it take to find someone?

It depends on how much you know about the person and how hard they are to reach. Some searches finish quickly and others take longer. We’ll tell you what to expect once we see what you have.

Do I need a lawyer to hire you?

No. We work with attorneys, law firms, businesses and individuals filing on their own. We just can’t give legal advice.

This article is general information, not legal advice. Service rules differ by state and court, so check with the court clerk or an attorney about your case.

Need an address for the person you’re serving?

Tell us what you know and we’ll find them, then serve them.

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